10/2/2023 0 Comments Negative words in spanish![]() Further discussions highlighted the relevance of meaning as part of the communication process as, for example, more abstract ideas are expressed through longer words. extended Zipf’s approach by showing that, in order to have efficient communication, word length increases with information content. Zipf’s law highlighted fundamental principles of organization in human language, and called for an interdisciplinary approach to understand its origin and its relation to word meaning. Historically, the frequency of words was first analyzed by Zipf showing that frequency predicts the length of a word as result of a principle of least effort. Considering, however, the everyday usage frequency of these words we find that the overall emotion of the three languages is strongly biased towards positive values, because words associated with a positive emotion are more frequently used than those associated with a negative emotion. The emotional content averaged over all the words in each of them is neutral. These lexica cover three of the most used languages on the Internet, namely English, German, and Spanish. We have tested and measured this bias in the context of online written communication by analyzing three established lexica of affective word usage. ![]() This question becomes particularly relevant for sentiment classification, as many tools assume as null hypothesis that human expression has neutral emotional content, or reweight positive and negative emotions without a quantification of the positive bias of emotional expression. One would argue that human languages, in order to facilitate social relations, should be biased towards positive emotions.
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